PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.